| Feature / Aspect | C Language | C++ Language |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Programming Paradigm | Procedural Programming Language | Multi-paradigm: Procedural + Object-Oriented Programming |
| 2. Origin | Developed by Dennis Ritchie in 1972 | Developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1983 as an extension of C |
| 3. Language Type | Middle-level language | Middle-level language with high-level features |
| 4. Object-Oriented Features | Not supported | Fully supports OOP: classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism |
| 5. Encapsulation | Not supported | Supported through classes and access specifiers |
| 6. Data Hiding | Not possible | Possible using access modifiers (private, protected) |
| 7. Function Overloading | Not supported | Supported in C++ |
| 8. Operator Overloading | Not available | Available in C++ |
| 9. Templates | Not supported | Supported (Generic Programming with templates) |
| 10. Exception Handling | Manual error handling using if / else | Built-in exception handling using try, catch, throw |
| 11. Standard Libraries | Fewer standard libraries (e.g., stdio.h, stdlib.h) | Rich standard libraries including STL (Standard Template Library) |
| 12. Input / Output | Uses scanf() and printf() | Uses cin and cout (with iostream library) |
| 13. Memory Management | Uses malloc() and free() | Uses new and delete, also supports malloc()/free() |
| 14. Namespace Support | Not supported | Supported using namespace keyword |
| 15. File Extension | .c | .cpp |
| 16. Code Complexity | More code required for complex tasks | Less code, more abstraction, easier to manage |
| 17. Application Type | Suitable for system-level programming (OS, embedded) | Suitable for application-level development (games, GUI apps) |
Difference Between C and C++
